Moratorium
(from Latin moratorius - delaying)
This is temporary ban on any research in the field of the newest biotechnologies, postponement of the implementation of certain scientific discoveries, the long-term consequences of which could be harmful or dangerous.
Neurolinguistic programming (NLP)
A new interdisciplinary trend, which aims at creating the model of successful psychotherapy on the basis of using the methods of text modification (transformational grammar) and its influence on the person. It took shape through the efforts of J. Grinder, who as a linguist has analyzed verbal methods used in giving instructions to another person, and R.Bendler, who as a mathematician presented it all in the form of technologies, i.e. algorithms, procedures. Unique capabilities of NLP are used in different spheres of human activity (therapy, education, sports, commerce, personnel management, business, training of special services). NLP techniques allow you to achieve faster mutual understanding with others:
- to activate your mental abilities (neuro);
- to use language (linguistic) in a special way to achieve your goals;
- to learn how to manage your state of mind, psyche, to bring your beliefs and values to the desired results (programming).
Noosphere (from-noosphaire)
This is evolutional state of biosphere, when man’s rational activity becomes the decisive factor of its development. V.I. Vernadsky developed the idea of noosphere as a qualitatively new form of organization arising in the interaction of nature and society as a result of human creative activity transforming the world and based on scientific thought.
Norm
(from lat. norma - guiding principle, rule, sample)
A set standard for the assessment of the existing and creation of new objects. The best-known area of norm application in medicine is the diagnosis allowing to establish whether the given subject is within the limits of norm. Within the framework of modern science it is noted that the study of the behavior of complex and hypercomplex self-developing systems should depart from the rigid linear principle and take into account all the interacting factors, the nature of external parameters influencing the system and take a more accurate approach to the interpretation of norm. Rejection of unilinearity and rigidity, turning to synergetic models, theories of random and probable processes, taking into account “free will” in its dynamic expression, are supposed to promote the renewal of judgments on Norm. and pathology, blurring of border between them by wide spectrum of adaptational reactions, and the idea of Norm will change together with society and transformation of modern medicine model.
Morality
A set of moral norms and rules governing the relations and behavior of people in society. It is often used as a synonym of the concept “morality”, but has its own specifics. The main difference between these concepts is based on the opposition of what should be, what a person should strive for (the world of proper), and those practical morals that a person encounters in everyday life (the world of reality). This approach views morality as a specific field of culture, which concentrates and generalizes high principles, ideals, and values that regulate human behavior and consciousness. The notion of morality has a more “down-to-earth”, “live” meaning, which includes norms of real, practical human behavior, where the severity of high moral principles is greatly weakened. Modern bioethics formulates ethical principles to regulate the behavior of specialists in various fields of their professional activities and to form a moral evaluation of rapidly developing biomedical research.
Morals
There are socially accepted forms of behavior, real “everyday”, “living” norms of morality (as opposed to higher, declared strict ideals and norms of morality), existing in a certain community (sphere of life) at a certain time. Objectified in the duties and became a way of thinking and acting stereotypes of human behavior, born in real life and not specifically sanctioned.